WASHINGTON — When President Barack Obama takes the ceremonial oath of office Monday on the national holiday celebrating Martin Luther King Jr.’s life and vision, the links between the two men will be easy to discern.

Both battled the odds to build historic multiethnic, multiracial coalitions, one to advance the cause of civil rights, the other to win the nation’s highest office. Both won the Nobel Peace Price. Both could use soaring rhetoric to inspire millions. Both also had to overcome critics who accused them of socialist or communist sympathies, as well as black activists who maintained that they weren’t strong enough advocates for African-Americans.

Obama spoke at the civil rights icon’s Atlanta church on Jan. 20, 2008, a year before his first inauguration. He accepted the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008 on the anniversary of King’s Aug. 28, 1963, “I Have a Dream” speech. He’ll retake the oath Monday — Obama actually was sworn in Sunday, Jan. 20, per the Constitution — on a Bible that King used, as well as on one that Abraham Lincoln used.

“What King and Obama have in common is that both are articulate voices, voices being heard at a time when people were listening and wanted to listen,” said Sam Fulwood, a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, a liberal research center.

The two men, of course, are also different, largely because of their times.

“Making America better in 1968 is different than making America better in 2013. I think they take different paths, but their goal is to use their strengths to help America be America,” said Lonnie Bunch, the director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture.

National politics wasn’t an option for King. He was born in 1929 and came of age in a South where the simple act of voting was at best difficult and often impossible for blacks, effectively disenfranchising them in one-fourth of the country.

Even elsewhere, voters showed almost no inclination to elect a black person to any statewide office. It wasn’t until 1966 that Sen. Edward Brooke of Massachusetts became the first black to be elected to the Senate in 85 years. Not until 1989 did Virginia’s Douglas Wilder become the first black person elected governor of a state.

‘RACE ISSUES’

Obama has benefited from a political structure that offers unbridled opportunity. He was born in 1961, soon after stronger voting-rights laws began empowering blacks and making them an important political force.

Through the years, “race issues” have been less prominent, allowing black politicians to identify more closely with universal issues such as health care or the economy.

“Obama had financial advantages and the support of the Democratic Party,” said Kareem Crayton, an associate professor of law at the University of North Carolina Law School. “King was trying to dismantle a hundred years of exclusion, in violation of federal law and the courts.”

Obama, who as a young community organizer was frustrated that he couldn’t change an ingrained political system, learned to be an insider who sort of worked from outside the black community. Many African-American leaders in early 2008 actually preferred Hillary Clinton as the Democratic nominee.

King was the opposite, drawing his political strength from the black population in the heart of the segregated South, a place where the church was often the heart of the political community.

“King’s world was so shaped by religion and the American South versus Obama’s world, which is shaped by fundamentally different things,” Bunch said.

The bond between the two men, though, has at its core roots that are timeless, allowing a torch to be passed from one generation’s most prominent black American to another.

“It’s about leadership that comes from community support,” Bunch said.

TIGHTROPE WALKING

King and Obama share an important personal trait that allowed them to flourish: Both knew how to reach out and become acceptable to key elements of the white community so they could build multiracial coalitions. They also had to appeal to black constituencies while not offending whites.

Obama’s biggest challenge came in March 2008, during a crucial phase of his bid to win the Democratic nomination. The Rev. Jeremiah Wright, Obama’s pastor, came under fire for incendiary comments in his sermons and writings. Obama quickly tried to distance himself from Wright.

“What’s important to realize is for Obama, he really has claimed his Americanism,” Bunch said. “He’s really made sure that based on who he is and his vision, it’s for a broader America. … He’s made sure that he simply isn’t seen as a one-issue president. That’s the tension and the balance that he has to do.”

Some in the black community also have criticized the two men: Obama as not paying enough attention to their needs, King as not being aggressive enough.

King was criticized as embracing the anti-Vietnam War movement with too much vigor. He tried to tie his war criticism to his efforts to curb poverty, and he explained the link in a 1967 speech at New York City’s Riverside Church.

“I speak as a child of God and brother to the suffering poor of Vietnam. I speak for those whose land is being laid waste, whose homes are being destroyed, whose culture is being subverted,” King explained.

King, though, wouldn’t be a major player in Vietnam protests.

As Obama tries to implement his second-term agenda, he is trying to reach out, embracing an overhaul of the nation’s immigration system and of gun control. Whether he can mobilize support to the extent King did, Crayton said, “remains an unanswered question.”